special-situations-valuation

Adapts the standard DCF framework for companies that break normal valuation assumptions. Handles four sub-frameworks: high-growth firms with negative earnings (revenue-based approach with failure probability), distressed firms (equity-as-call-option via Black-Scholes), private companies (total beta and liquidity discount), and financial services firms (excess return model on book equity). Use when valuing unprofitable startups, distressed companies, private firms, banks, insurance companies, or when user mentions negative earnings valuation, distress valuation, private company discount, equity as call option, total beta, liquidity discount, excess return model, or financial services valuation.